Tackling substance misuse Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Tackling substance misuse - Essay Example Background One of the more pressing issues in health care intervention is the issuance, administration or prescription of drugs for patients. There has always been a continuing challenge about dispensation, dosage, supervision, as well as effect on patient so that medical practitioners, pharmacists, and their team have to be wary of several considerations prior to any action that relies administration to the patient or his / her immediate carer, or even in controlled setting. Reaction to drug or substance misuse vary leading to ideologically driven approaches in medicalization, treatment, decriminalisation, and even use of the criminal justice for quasi treatment. Other propositions such as harm minimisation and harm reduction were also considered with the understanding that use of substance is inevitable (Bevan, 2009). People with severe mental illness, group of individuals with complex needs and a varied range of problems are usually the concern for ‘dual diagnosis’ an d co-morbidity related to substance misuse or abuse. It was suggested that many problems related to substance misuse are linked to ill-prepared services that deal with these conditions. Bevan (2003) observed that Public Health treatment for substance misuse should understand that those who receive treatment are of chronic and frequently relapsing condition. Perception of treatment should move away from an individualistic approach to an understanding of the many and varied relationships as part of treatment rationale. Focus should also be given on minimising the harm associated with drug use. Prescribing policies for opiate replacement should also be considered instead of abstinence as prescribed doses of methadone have demonstrated positive results. â€Å"The reduction in drug related deaths, as a result of the reduced frequency of accidental overdoses, and the wider population health gains when treatment and interventions are flexibly delivered is further evidence that the health of populations can be improved with public health based strategies for substance misuse,† (Bevan, 2003), P 19). People should not be seen as failures when relapse occur for substance misuse. Various conditions influence substance misuse and these should be taken as a whole and not in part to fully understand the patient as well as provide a more effective and holistic intervention approach. Likewise, Bevan (2009) noted that curing should not be the focus as an over emphasis on moving people on, through and out of treatment usually results in the revolving door phenomena. Substitute prescribing has been offered a possible solution to address issue on substance misuse. Engaging the individual as member of a wider society and members of dynamic social groups with families, friends and acquaintances should be a public health consideration in addressing this issue (Bevan, 2009). Substance Misuse and Problematic Drug Use Problematic drug use and misuse occurs when individuals experi ence a range of unwanted and negative consequences as a result of their drug use (Brown, 2007). Problems may be social, psychological, physical or legal resulting from regular or excessive consumption, intoxication and/or dependence on any substance. The National Treatment Agency for Substance Misuse (2002) observed that these individuals often attempts to achieve stability or abstinence but relapse is usually a problem.

The scholarships solution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The scholarships solution - Essay Example rights advocates have made unsuccessful efforts to ensure that victims of historical injustices are provided with compensation as a means to show justice and fairness. Their failure has been attributed to the fact that some of these injustices were committed by past governments and the current society finds it quite challenging to carry these burdens. On the other hand, lack of compensation has been attributed to inadequate financial resources as well as biasness in relation to allocation of resources among the affected persons (Torpey, 2003). This document presents a proposed plan that will specifically focus on reparation of the descendants of the Tulsa 1921 Race Riot that occurred in Greenwood. Evidently, the survivors of this riot have not received any form of compensation or justice despite their efforts over the last six decades (america.aljazeera.com). In this regard, the proposal shall offer a framework by, which the descendants of this social menace can be provided with scholarships as a means to compensate their fallen and surviving relatives. It is important to acknowledge that this proposal is not a government or non-government initiative, but rather an institutional initiative that will support 10 students, who have been identified as the descendants of the Tulsa 1921 Race Riots and are in need of financial support to complete their degrees at the University level. The major objective of this reparation plan is to provide support to the descendants of the Tulsa 1921 race riot n terms of scholarship for their university degrees. The scholarship program is expected to cover ten students, who have been identified and confirmed as direct descendants of the riots. There are some survivors of the riot that are still alive and they have been contacted regarding this issue; they have appreciated this efforts and are willing to provide any form of advice in case it will be needed. This will be an appropriate way to address the injustices that were faced by

Benefits Management Plan for the Perth Arena Project Case Study

Benefits Management Plan for the Perth Arena Project - Case Study Example Reduce congestion in the parking lots in Perth city 680 capacity underground parking bay to be provided by November 2011 Perth city tracks movement of vehicles into and out of the city and their numbers in the parking lots DHW (Department of housing and works) Failure of parties involved in the project to take responsibility. Poor cost estimation Improve the appearance of Perth Arena and create the perception that it is a cool place to visit. Minimized cost of raising a car park by having it fabricated within the Arena $2 million saved by having an underground park bay by end of 2009 $2 million budgetary reduction in Perth Arena upgrading cost DHW Poor cost planning Negligence of responsibilities and errands Save the Australian government money required in upgrading and remodeling cities. Increased revenues resulting from parking fees (600 new bays) $79200+ annual increase in parking fees by end of 2012 Assess the amount of parking profits collected in 2012 and in 2013 and calcu late the change in terms of percentage VenuesWest and DHW Poor revenue collection systems Depreciating value of the Australian dollar as a result of changes in time value of money. Improved economic sustainability of the facility

Ethnics studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Ethnics studies - Essay Example To start with, smoke signals does not have an elaborate theme as it keeps on shifting from the niche of poverty to richness or urban to rural as the acting environment. In addition, it has not provided adequate illustration of the characters because one can see victor and his friend engaged in much of Indian type of culture while their parents are of English origin. The only bold part of this movie is the racial theme aspect. This is more pronounced from the beginning of the movie when Victor’s speaks like an Indian in persuasion for a lift. It is also clear on ethnic disparity between the Indians and English speakers. Such incidents have also featured in the Mclintock movie when Mr. Douglas saves an Indian racial leader from an assassination attempt after been mistaken to have kidnapped one of the girls who later turned out to have been lost on her way back home. Moreover, the two films above indicate racial ethnicity dated as far as 1950s, but none has a clear chronological analysis of specific duration in which it existed. This makes it very difficult for the audience to draw appropriate analysis and may be mistaken that it was meant to brainwash members of the society (Alexie 4:00). In the Mclintock movie, Americans have also demonstrated the theme of ethnicity against Indian immigrants without proper arguments supporting the racial disparity between these two communities. For instance, in Mclintock movie, we have only been showed the grounds of assassination of the Indian leader on the counts of ethnicity with no proper backings. This kind of theme is also cultivated in the smoke signals where Indians are treated as poor, weak and heavy drinkers who do not even form part of their culture (Alexie 2:00). Both movies demonstrate the themes of violence that has no foundation throughout the whole play. At the initial stages of the smoke signals, Victor’s parents are engaged in violence that may be assumed to be domestic in nature. In addition, Victor and his

From an economic perspective, why is Microsoft to successful Essay

From an economic perspective, why is Microsoft to successful - Essay Example Almost every computer is loaded with Microsoft operating system, without which a computer cannot function, or games. In the initial years, the company focused on creating computer language, but most of the financial success came after it embarked on producing operating systems. Today, Microsoft is one of the most popular and financially successful software companies in the world. Its products have penetrated into every household with a PC because of its easy-to-use and ground-breaking software. This paper explores the success story of Microsoft from the economic perspective. Like any other world famous companies, Microsoft is not without criticisms. It has often been criticized for its alleged bullying tactics rather than earning success through innovation. However, according to Harvard Business School professors Marco Iansiti and Alan MacCormack, the company’s success can be attributed to its capability to predict future technological developments and make maximum efficient use of the major software technologies. One remarkable fact is that Microsoft has seen huge financial successes during phases of technological revolutions because of its ability to adapt to changes. Usually, during such vulnerable phases many large businesses collapse for failing to deliver. Although it has been criticized that Microsoft Corporation’s success is largely due to its monopoly position in the global market which the company has taken full advantage of, Iansiti and MacCormack have a different perspective. They have asserted that â€Å"Microsoft wins throug h effective management of its intellectual property and an ability to spot and react to important trends before they take hold† (Silverthorne, 2002). From the early days of writing simple programming language for computers the company progressed to making operating systems based on the DOS system. In subsequent years, Microsoft grew to become Windows XP.

From your characters point of view Essay Example for Free

From your characters point of view Essay I knew that big Bastard was trouble as soon as I saw him in the office that first day they both arrived on the ranch. When I saw him turned away from me I knew what his sort was like, big guys who thought they owned the place jus cos of their size. An he didnt even answer my question, jus stood there like a big lump staring at me. I knew they was gonna cause trouble. I heard from the other guys that Lennie was a good worker I give him that but he still was odd, never was with the guys always by himself, with George or with that damn pup that Slim gave him. Carlson always said he never said a word unless George was there or if he allowed it, stupid Bastard. I mean I heard things about guys like that who were big and smart but this guy, Lennie, was different altogether he was almost like a child I didnt know he was capable of mangling my hand, let alone kill my wife. But you never know looks can be different than what is genuine, you get to know these things when you see these bastards come work and then leave, you see it all the time. Since Lennie first come to the ranch I had a hunch, and when he did what he did to my hand I knew that he was not only mean but he was dangerous. I never told about my hand before, I know what the other guys on the ranch would say, Me, the bosses son being beat up by some guy who couldnt put two and two together, I Wasnt gonna let em know, I wasnt gonna let my wife know that her husband got beat up by that Bastard. Them only been on the ranch couple o weeks and Slim letting em getting away with it, I wasnt gonna say Nothing. Slim has a way with words, all the guys trust him. So when my hand got busted by Lennie I was real furious, it made me real mad. I was Jus looking for my wife when it began I spose, so she has something to do with it, She is always going off and when Im looking for her I could never find her. Not knowing where your wife is can ruin a man. An people were sayin things about her. Made me wonder I spose so I go looking for her in the barn where it been mentioned she was and Slim said to be in there too. My wife had been looking at Slim for a while so I was mad and made my way to the barn. Slim was there but not my wife, so we have an Argument and it ends up with my hand being busted. I mean whats a guy spose to think when his wife is looking around at the men? An Slim would be what you call a good catch I spose, But that means that he aint no better than me. When I started on him I never thought about what he could do to my hand, he always was so quiet and looked like he could never hurt anything even though he was a big bastard. The look in his eyes when he just grabbed my hand, I had never seen it in a guy before an I wont wanna be seeing it again too soon I can tell ya. I havent seen a guy so mad before, sure I have got a temper I get mad a lot, but this Lennie was just mental. He jus had this look of hate in his eyes, I was angry but for a big guy like that to take advantage of his size is out of order. He had no right to jus do that kind of shit to me. He just took hold of my hand and then crushed it within his own palm, the pain was unbelievable and the other guys jus stood there watchin him do it. Before he fought back I heard George in the background tellin him to do it. I knew they travelled together but I didnt think that that they was that close, I was proven wrong, Lennie always did what George told him to and that time was no exception. His grasp on my hand grew tighter and I was in pain, I couldnt think about anything else but the feeling in my hand, and what I must have looked like to the other guys but then after it got to its worse all I could think about was what would be left of my hand after the big bastard had finished. An If only George hadnt told him to do it, It wouldnt have happened, he still makes me mad the way he is still here working on the ranch with Slim. I could feel the bones in my hand breaking, I never had thought of pain like that before. My hand still is now messed up. Dont think its ever gonna be the same, and neither is he. As soon as I saw him I had it in for him, but after him mangling my hand I wanted revenge. Things werent so good between me and my wife but that was no excuses for her death. The Dumb bastard was out for me too, and he got me, twice. I knew the way he spent all that bloody time with that pup that he was strange, I had warned her about spending time with the guys on the ranch, her being the only woman was dangerous but he was the last guy I woulda thought would take advantage. He never was interested in things like that, he didnt come to town with us ever, and jus stayed in the barn with that pup. I had said for her to stay in the house, but for a woman to do what she is told is something that doesnt happen easily. I spose it was also her fault stupid bitch going where she aint wanted gettin herself into trouble; something was gonna happen sooner or later. The guys was just out in the yard playing horseshoes, I wasnt gonna join in and be humiliated by them all laughing at my hand. I jus sat down an watched didnt know what was going on else where. The next thing I know old candy is calling from outside the barn saying for us to come quick. She was jus there face down on the straw, I had never seen her be so still. But then I thought and knew what had happened, me an Slim rushed up to her and Slim jus said she was dead. I knew at once that the big bastard had been in there with that damn pup. I knew it was him form the start, he couldnt help himself, He wanted to make trouble and this was the last time I was going to be humiliated he had gone one way too far. I wasnt disturbed by her death really bad, I was jus mad with the Bastard I knew it was him an I was gonna do something about it. Carlson knew it was him too, an I could see it in Georges eyes that he also knew what was going on. I wasnt gonna let Lennie get away with it either. My wife was a slow bitch but it was Lennie who took her life and he wasnt gonna get out of this one by the other guys keeping em Quiet. I had done that already once, when I could have got him canned, but I didnt for my pride now he had the life of my wife. But George was his friend, regardless of this he still went looking for him. I was suspicious though, I mean they travelled together and how did I know that he wasnt gonna help Lennie get away and escape. But I Spose the dumb bastard wouldnt make it on his own without some other guy helping him out or getting him outa shit. When me and the guys saw Lennie lying on the floor next to George I was livid, I hadnt killed the crazy Bastard myself, I was gonna make him suffer the way I had. I dont know everything that went on but what I do know is that Lennie was to blame for the death of my wife and my hand was never gonna be the same cos of him being a crazy Bastard. I could see that they were gonna mess things up, an I was right.

Applications of Seed Therapy and Su Jok Therapy

Applications of Seed Therapy and Su Jok Therapy Seed Therapy deals with the application of seeds or other parts of plants and attaching it with a tape at a corresponding point in the hand or foot of a person feeling pain. Seed Therapy is based on Sujok Therapy, when broken down, means Su = hand  and Jok = foot. These Korean words rely solely on a therapy that makes use of the hands and feet as areas of treatment for the whole body (see Figure 1). Professor Park Jae Woo  was a Korean scientist and philosopher who originated and developed this therapy (Richmond, 2006). He urbanized an  assortment of successful systems of treatment which have expanded all over the world, including physicians,  practitioners and ordinary people alike. Su Jok therapy is indeed an instantaneous and effective healing therapy requiring no medication and is entirely safe without any accompanying side effects (Richmond, 2006). Among countless illnesses, Su Jok helps in curing many diseases such as: Arthritis, bronchitis, asthma, backache, joints pain, migraine, hypertension, sinusitis, deafness, constipation, acidity, obesity, diabetes, menstrual problems, and many more chronic diseases related to different organs of our body (Woo, 2009). Su Jok therapy cures and prevents diseases at a physical, mental, and emotional level using hands and feet as treatment areas. This therapy is regarded as a healing system whereby simple stimulation to the specific corresponding points on the hands and feet, most popularly used is the Su Jok probe, would be applied on and around this area in order to seek the most painful spots confirmed by the client. Healing is reported in 94% of five hundred and thirty subjects according to Woo (2009). Seed Therapy is considered harmonious to Su Jok Therapy and utilizes the energy of specific seeds. Since seeds are regarded as natural stimulators, they are able to cause the body part to respond. The objective of this paper is to discuss and review the effects of Seed Therapy in relieving pain and alleviating illnesses. Seed Therapy is one of the important natural stimulator therapies. This precise acupressure phenomenon is the reason why Seed Therapy is regarded as a major treatment pertaining to Su Jok Therapy. Post acupressure treatment, patients are encouraged to tie or adhere seeds using adhesive plaster on the painful points. The pulsations of the seeds deliver further energy to accelerate the progression of expedited healing when in direct contact to the treated point. Seed therapy is effective against chronic diseases and certain pains; especially joint pains. The seeds could be either placed singly over the effected area or may cover the entire painful section (Devitt, 2009). Seeds and Their Effects When implementing Seed Therapy, any seed may be used; each seed brings its proper cure effect (see Table 1). The most important factor for treatment is the shape of the seeds or beans being used. The shape of the seed is the indicator to which body part the seed will do optimal advantage (Umbra, 2007). For example cranberry, cowberry and lentil seeds offer support to cough, cold, and flu. Moreover, mound and spherical shaped seeds of pea, cherry, and black pepper are known to offer relief to disorders related to eyes, breasts, the head, knee joints, and back problems. Kidney-shaped red beans are used to treat kidney and stomach related disorders. The elongated forms of seeds are used to resolve problems in the limbs, lips, nose and intestines. The walnut seed is enforced as a cure to cerebral disorders, while peach shaped seeds of millet are used to treat urinary tract and gall bladder problems (Umbra, 2007). Green pea seeds are used to treat various heart conditions, whereas cumin a nd pumpkin seeds help alleviate gastric irritation and constipation. Also grape seeds are effective in cases of diabetes and pancreatic problems, as well as flaccidity in the urinary bladder muscles. Arrow wood seeds are novel seeds that are being widely used for the relief of hypertension. Rice is used to relief swelling, redness, bronchial problems and loss of sensation in fingers and toes. Flax seeds aids in eliminating toxic body fluids that assist in inflammatory diseases while buckwheat seeds treat pain and chronic inflammation in the shoulder, tooth, head, throat, eyes and tonsils (Umbra, 2007). Table 1. This table briefly displays the types of seeds used depending on the symptom or area of complaint. Cranberry, Cowberry, Lentil Cough, Cold, Flu Pea, Cherry, Black Pepper Eyes, Breast, Head, Knees, Back Kidney beans Kidneys, Stomach Elongated shaped Limbs, Lips, Nose, Intestines Walnut Cerebral disorders Millet Urinary tract, Gall bladder Green pea Heart conditions Cumin, Pumpkin Gastric irritation, Constipation Grape Seed Diabetes, Pancreatic problems, Urinary bladder muscles Arrow wood Hypertension Rice Swelling, Redness, Bronchial problems, Loss of sensation fingers/toes Flax Eliminating toxic fluids Buckwheat Chronic inflammation, Throat, Tooth, Shoulder, Head, eyes, Tonsils Treating Special Populations; Children/Elders Auricular -relating to the ear and hearing- Seed Therapy is also referred to as the seed-pressure method (Steinflow, 2010). It corresponds to applying a hard and smooth seed, herb, or a magnetic pellet on a tape to a detected auricular point and pressing it properly so as to stimulate the point to treat diseases. Auricular seed therapy, a popular therapy for the past 40 years, came into being on the basis of Su Jok Seed Therapy. Through clinical practice it has been confirmed that auricular seed therapy may also be indicated for many diseases and achieve significant therapeutic effects (Steinflow, 2010). This method, due to its simple application, constant stimulation, and safety is regarded more suitable for the elders; the weak, children and those who are very afraid of pain, or cannot receive treatment everyday (Steinflow, 2010). Treatment of Allergies The main points for the treatment of allergy include allergic area, endocrine, adrenal gland and ear apex bleeding. The Allergy Area is the specific point for diagnosis and treatment of allergic diseases (Steinflow, 2010). It is used to improve the immunological functions of the entire body. Allergic diseases result from the combination of Anaphylactogen and Anaphylactic antibody, which may disturb the normal metabolism in cells and lead to dilation of capillaries, capillary hyper permeability, and spasms of the smooth muscles. The points in the endocrine and adrenal glands are used to increase the secretion of various hormones, such as adrenal-cortical hormone (ACTH). This prevents the release of histamine and inhibits the antigen-antibody reaction in mucous membrane and skin. Prevention of antibody formation also reduces exudates from capillaries (Steinflow, 2010) Seed Therapy Uses in Cancer Other benefits of seed therapy involve prostate cancer (Vatkarma, 2008). One man in six will be diagnosed with prostate cancer during his lifetime, but only one man in 30 will die of this disease. While there are several treatment options, including surgery, many doctors choose prostate seed therapy because of its ability to treat cancer without affecting surrounding healthy tissue, helping to minimize the risk of impotence or incontinence. Though the technique is somewhat new, preliminary data show that 90 percent of patients treated with prostate seed therapy remain cancer free after five years (Vatkarma, 2008). Prostate seed implantation, also called interstitial radiation and brachytherapy, involves a surgical procedure to implant up to 130 low-dose radioactive seeds into the prostate through 30 to 40 long, slender needles. The procedure takes less than two hours and patients return home the same day, resuming normal activity in three to 14 days. The seeds continue delivering rad iation for several weeks and remain in place permanently (Vatkarma, 2008). An alternative Seed Therapy following breast cancer surgery may reduce treatment time and concentrates radiation where it is most needed (Geraldini, 2010). The MammoSite Radiation Therapy System contributes brachytherapy to females who have received a lumpectomy, or a tumor that is removed from the breast. Instead of the usual high energy radiation that enters from the surface of the breast inwards, brachytherapy acts from inwards out. After a patient recovers from her breast cancer surgery, a radiation oncologist threads a catheter through the skin until it reaches the cavity left by the tumor, usually about 2 or 3 centimeters wide. A balloon on the catheters tip inflates with liquid within the cavity, and a tiny bit of radioactive material is placed within the balloon. The patient then goes home (Geraldini, 2010). Four or five days later, patients return to the clinic, where the radiation oncology team removes the catheter and radiation source, ending the treatment. Because the rad iation source is so tiny, there is no risk of radiation exposure to family members or friends at home during therapy. When the seed is placed in the MammoSite balloon, the seed emits X-rays in all directions-much like light emanates from the sun. The dose of radiation is most highly concentrated right at the edge of the tissue cavity, but declines further away from the radioactive seed. Within tissue that lies one centimeter away from the edge of the tissue cavity, for example, the dose of radiation already has shrunk by half, and it keeps getting lower and lower the further away the tissue is from the site of the former tumor (Vatkarma, 2008)(Geraldini, 2010). Instead of the five-to-seven weeks worth of daily office visits required for external radiation treatments, patients receiving MammoSite can complete radiation after only four or five days of therapy, making it time efficient and cost effective. Due to the fact that the radiation source is placed at the site of the patients tumor, the rays reach the very tissues surrounding the tumor where cancer is most likely to return. With MammoSites, the source can enter the breast so quickly where minimal radiation is witnessed to the rest of the breast. The benefit with this fact is that radiation is focused mainly on the area most at risk, which is the local area around the tumor (Geraldini, 2010). Two recent studies followed 200 women for five years suggest that brachytherapy is as effective as external beam radiation in preventing breast cancer from coming back in women who have had a lumpectomy. This said, the effectiveness of Seed Therapy Su Jok Therapy in essence is a beyond promising treatment for such an invasive disease as cancer. Patients will not only be cured, yet, will be able to live better, productive lives without pain and suffering (Vatkarma, 2008). In conclusion, unconventional treatments are overshadowed by the recognition and universal acceptance of Seed Therapy. In fact, various numbers of patients, whether cancer patients or arthritis sufferers, are turning towards Seed Therapy as an alternative for traditional medicine (Lachmi, 2007). In India, where there is an abundance of Su Jok Therapists, physicians are estimated to see and treat a maximum of 300 patients per day; most of whom have traveled long distances seeking a miracle as their last hope of treatment (Lachmi, 2007) There, the novel therapies of Sujok and Seeds are indeed the future of contemporary medicine that can be extremely promising in the treatment of minor to severe ailments afflicting a vast number of patients worldwide. References Devitt, T. (2009). Sujok seed therapy. Sujok Online. Retrieved March 29, 2011, from (http://www.sujokonline.com/sujokonline/). Geraldini, F. (2010). Engaging in sujok seed therapy. Mediks Blog. Retrieved March 25, 2011, from (http://www.mediks-bg.com/su_jok_eng). Jae Woo, P. (2009). Su Jok Seed Therapy. New York: Random House. Lachmi, C. F. (2007). Fundamentals of Seed Therapy. Journal of Omnuri Medicine, 55, 893-896. Najmana, A. (2008). Su Jok Therapy: Seeds and Miracles. Journal of Indian Therapy, 113, 71-76. Pakra, G. M. (2006). The Power of Seeds. New York: Random House. Richmond, P. K. (2006). What Exactly is Su Jok Therapy?, England, Oxford: University Press. Steinflow, D. (2010). If We All Just Believed in Seed Therapy. New York: Roland Incorporated. Umbra, B. (2007). The real therapeutic seeds. Medi India Organization. Retrieved March 25, 2011, from (http://medi-india.org/umbra_b_seeds). Vatkarma, R. (2008). The Healing Powers of Su Jok. Journal of Indian Therapy, 113, 124-128.