Nineteen Eighty-four and People Essay Example for Free

Nineteen Eighty-four and People Essay Imagine living in a world where politics are everything and all forms of individuality and personal identities are shattered. A world where everybody is stripped of their rights to talk, act, think, or even form their own opinions, simply because they do not agree with the government’s beliefs. These aspects are just a few of the examples of things dictators would have control over in a totalitarianism form of government. Aggressive leaders such as Hitler and Joseph Stalin are examples of such dictators. They used their power for terror and murder, and their motive is simply to maximize their own personal power. George Orwell had witnessed World War II, the fall of Hitler and Stalin’s dictatorships, and the fatal outcomes that have come from these governments. To warn future generations of the harsh effects of totalitarianism governments, he wrote the book Nineteen Eighty-Four. Published in 1946, Nineteen Eighty-Four describes life in a totalitarianism form of government, following the main character, Winston Smith, as he takes risks in discovering how he believes life should truly be. Literary critic Irving Howe states, â€Å"Were it possible, in the world of 1984, to show human character in anything resembling genuine freedom it would not be the world of 1984† (62). In Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty-Four, the government uses its power to suppress individuality among the people. To begin, the author shows how the government abolishes individuality through the use of mind control. First of all, the creation of Newspeak restricts the individual from saying things that he/she wishes to say. More specifically, the task of the Party’s philologists is to regulate the vocabulary and language of Oceania to ultimately be able to control the actions and behaviors of the people. Literary critic Stephen Ingle argues, â€Å"The more vocabulary contracts, the more the Party will be able to control behavior† (124). Since the Party has complete control over how the people can talk and what they are allowed to say, they ultimately have the power to control how they act. Through Newspeak, thoughtcrime will become impossible due to the fact that there will be no terms in which to express it. Furthermore, the Party asserts its control over the mind through doublethink. To begin, doublethink is an example of a thought process in which one simultaneously holds two contradictory beliefs while accepting both of them. For example, while in the Ministry of Love, O’Brien uses doublethink to make Winston believe that he can float. Winston says, â€Å"If he thinks he floats off the floor and I simultaneously think I see him do it, then it happens† (Orwell 278). O’Brien cannot float, however through the use of doublethink Winston can say that it does happen. Moreover, the Party also uses thoughtcrime to regulate the people’s thoughts, speech, actions, and feelings towards the government. The Thought Police use psychology and surveillance such as hidden telescreens to discover cases of thoughtcrime and misbehavior. For instance, a telescreen hidden behind a picture on the wall in Winston and Julia’s secret hideout is the reason they are caught in their illegal love affair. Winston describes, â€Å"Thoughtcrime does not entail death: Thoughtcrime IS death† (Orwell 27). Winston is saying that death is definite if one thinks badly about the government or disapproves of the government’s actions. Thus, due to telescreens, people are forced to keep an expression of optimism at all times; because any other emotion will be considered treason (Ingle 127). Consequently, individuality among the people is destroyed through mind control. In addition to mind control, Orwell also illustrates how the government strips the people of their personal identities though their control over reality. To begin, the party uses its power over Oceania’s history to eliminate all records of the past in order to create a future entirely dedicated to politics. Winston states, â€Å"History has stopped. Nothing exists except an endless present in which the Party is always right. I know, of course, that the past is falsified, but it would never be possible for me to prove it† (Orwell 155). The Party has complete control over the history of Oceania, and they choose to delete any and all traces of the past, such as memories. Additionally, the Party uses their control over memories to minimize individuality in the people of Oceania. More specifically, the Party seeks to control the memory of the people because without memory, they cannot remember the past. They remove all documents and records of the past through their memory holes. It is one’s memories that keep the past existing and that shape their lives (Ingle 123). The Party succeeds in abolishing the past by restricting the memories of the people. Moreover, the government reduces individuality with their perceptions of logic. In Oceania, whatever the Party says is correct is correct. If one does not agree with what the Party says, he/she is considered insane; a flaw in the system. To explain, when Winston is taken to the Ministry of Love, they torture him-physically and emotionally to make him accept the logic of the Party. Powerful party member O’Brien explains to Winston that their logic is correct, regardless of what Winston knows is right. O’Brien implores, â€Å"Sometimes they are five. Sometimes they are three. Sometimes they are all of them at once. You must try harder. It is not easy to become sane† (Orwell 207). O’Brien is saying that the government has the ability to alter aspects of their lives that Winston knows are the real thing; however he has no choice but to accept them. He is considered â€Å"insane† because he knows what is right and what is wrong and is hesitant to believe that the Party’s logic is true. Noted critic Stephen Ingle implies, â€Å"Winston conjectures that in the end the Party would declare that two plus two made five and the individual would be required to believe it† (122). In the future, there will be no other types of logic other that what the Party deems to be true. Thus, the government uses its power to control all aspects of reality for the people of Oceania. Equally important to mind control and reality, Orwell also shows how the government’s control over the people’s emotions suppresses their individuality. To begin, the Party extinguishes all forms of pure love among the people. More specifically, if two people wish to get married, they must be approved. If they wish to marry out of love and affection, they will be denied. In the eyes of the Party, marriage must be handled like business-only to produce offspring that will be loyal to them. Winston implores, â€Å"But you could not have pure love or pure lust nowadays. No emotion was pure, because everything was mixed up with fear and hatred† (Orwell 105). Every aspect of the people’s lives in Oceania is robotic and systematic, there are no true emotions. Similarly to the Party’s control over love, they also control sex between the people. To explain, the Party believes that there should not be any pleasure from sex; it should only be used in order to reproduce. The people who are faithful to the party transform their sexual energy into political hysteria (Howe 65). All of their energy goes towards the Two Minutes Hate and their hatred for Big Brother in order to bring some form of unity amongst them. Furthermore, the Party also uses emotional torture to abolish individuality. To justify, when Winston is in the Ministry of Love, he endures not only physical torture but psychological torture as well. He says, â€Å"In the end the nagging voices broke him down more completely than the boats and fists of the guards† (Orwell 200). The emotional torture from the questioning Winston undergoes wears him down and makes him into a mouth that simply utters what he believes they want to hear. The questioners transform him into something that is not even human anymore- merely just a robot. Literary expert Stephen Ingle argues that â€Å"the right and capacity to form one’s own judgment on external events†¦a full emotional life, a private world into which one could retire: those were the bastions of identity which Winston Smith sought to defend† (127). Winston is the last individual with knowledge of things outside of what the Party believes to be moral, and eventually he is stripped from that title and made into one of the other brain-washed citizens of Oceania. Consequently, the Party uses emotional torture to suppress individuality among the people. Hence, the government in Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty-Four has been proven to use their power to strip the citizens of their individuality. For instance, the Party uses their control to take over the minds of the people and restrict what they can/cannot say or do. Also, they have the power to control all records of the past, memories, and the logic they have placed in their society. If that is not enough, the Party also controls their emotions, regulates sex, and forces emotional torture among them to force their logic into their brains. Orwell is â€Å"trying to present the kind of world in which individuality has become obsolete and personality a crime† (Howe 62). Ultimately, if a society allows a dictatorship in which one person or a group of people have all the power over the citizens, the society will transform into an individualized group of robots.

Visiting Lake Manyara, Tanzania: History and wildlife

Visiting Lake Manyara, Tanzania: History and wildlife Introduction Lake Manyara is a sparkling body of water that glitters in its glory. And indeed, Lake Manyara National Park has often been described as a gem amongst the Tanzania’s northern tourism circuit. The Park forms a vital part of the larger Tarangire – ecosystem and serves as a dry season refuge for migratory animals. The park is safely nestled between the lake on the eastern side and the Gregory Rift Escarpment on the West, offering dramatic scenery that change with the seasons. During the rainy season the lake fills up and the surroundings become lush and green. During the dry season the lake partly dries up leaving a broad rim of bright white salt residue, making equally beautiful scenery. The park includes a unique forest that is fed by underground streams, rivers and springs. The forest is located on the South – Western part of the park in Mbulu plateaus. It is an important evergreen catchment forest, a source of important permanent rivers of which some of them pou r their water in Lake Manyara thus bringing life to the park and the surrounding areas. The Park is home to the rare blue monkey and numerous bird species. It is quite simply, a MUST DO for bird-lovers and keen wildlife photographers. History The name Manyara is derived from the maasai word â€Å"emanyara† referring to the Finger Euphorbia plant (Euphorbia tirucalli) meaning a plant which is a succulent. The park was first declared as a Game Reserve in 1957 mainly to protect its rhino and elephant populations. Sadly, rhino does not exist anymore because of poaching. In 1960 it was officially declared a National Park covering only 100km2. It was later on extended to the southern part towards Magara River. Between 1972 and 1990, two farm units were acquired and added to the park thus bringing its size to 330km2. Currently the park is 648.7km2 in size following the annexation of the Marang’ Forest Reserve in 2009. Dry land is 428 km2 and 220km2 is the lake- the wetland area. At its full size the lake covers about 470km2. Location Lake Manyara National Park lies between 3020’S, 35050’E and 3049’S, 35044’E as well as 3035’S, 35053’E and 3033’S, 35032’E (South) and between E3533 and E3532 (East).Park is located approximately 111.5km (from clock tower to the main gate) south- west of Arusha city. The park has two gates; one is Iyambi in the southern part of the park connecting it with Tarangire, and the other is the main gate which is close to Mto wa Mbu town. Mto wa Mbu is a small densely populated busy town which is multi ethnic with different cultural values of interest for tourists while on their way to Manyara, Ngorongoro and Serengeti. The town is the continuation of the main road to Ngorongoro and the Serengeti. Elevation The altitude varies from 960m above the sea level at the edge of the lake to 1,600m above the sea level along the valley walls of the Gregory Rift. Rainfall Like other areas in Northern Tanzania, annual rainfall pattern consists of short rains between October and December, followed by a dry season in January and thereafter long rains from February to June with the highest rainfall in April. However, Manyara has an erratic and unreliable rainfall patterns, ranging from 250mm to 1600mm per annum. Lake Manyara is highly alkaline and shallow, without any outgoing rivers. Even in rainiest months the depth doesn’t reach more than 1.5m, almost dropping to zero in the dry season. The reason why the ground water forest can survive years of extreme drought is because of springs that emerge at the escarpment base. Temperature Temperature in Lake Manyara is fairly mild, being at its highest from December to February with a mean maximum of 340C. Temperatures are lower from June to July with a minimum of 110C. It can become a bit cold when it rains. Humidity Humidity in lake ranges from 45% to 85% Attractions Attractions of Lake Manyara National Park include a unique ground water forest that is fed by underground streams and the Great Rift Valley Escarpment. The park also lesser and greater pinkish flamingos, hot water springs, wild animals like rare blue monkey, buffalo, wildebeest, zebra, giraffe, elephant, lion, baboon, leopard, antelope, cheetah, dik-dik and many more. The park is endowed with about 400 species of birds and varieties of insects. On inland of the floodplain there is a narrow belt of acacia woodland. The park is favored by the legendary tree-climbing lions and impressively tusked elephants. Pairs of klipspringer are often seen silhouetted on the rocks above a field of searing hot springs that steams and bubbles adjacent to the lakeshore in the far south of the park. Tourism Activities Visitors can engage themselves in the following activities: Day Game Drive Night Game Drive Canoeing when the water level is sufficiently high Wilderness walking safaris Bird watching ( November-June) Bush meal Cultural tour or cultural program at Mto wa Mbu village ( outside the park) Accessibility By air Fly to Lake Manyara Airstrip, which is at the top of the escarpment. Your ground operator will pick you at the airstrip and drive to the park main gate which is about 3km. It is possible to arrange connection flights to the other game parks from there. If your time is limited, this is the ideal option. By road Lake Manyara National Park lies on the main road to and from Ngorongoro. The park may be accessed on way from Arusha, Ngorongoro or Babati. From Arusha, drive West on the main Dodoma road for 84km until you get to Makuyuni village and if you are from Babati drive Makuyuni as well. From here turn right [west] drive on the main road leading to Ngorongoro gate for 26.5km until you get to the town of Mto -wa- mbu. About 1km from the village centre you will see a well marked park entrance gate on your left. The four wheel vehicle is feasible for park game drive. Shopping Mto wa Mbu town is a good place to buy various souvenirs. Also there are various small restaurants which offer typical Tanzanian food and beverages. It is important to fill up your vehicle at one of the filling stations at Mto wa Mbu as there are no fuel stations in the park. Accommodation-Inside the park The park has facilities for accommodation which include public tourist houses (bandas), and campsites ideal for budget visitors (prior booking is required). However there is one luxury tree lodge and one tented camp which are privately owned. Accommodation-Outside the park Luxury tented camps and lodges are available on the rift wall overlooking the Lake. In addition, guest houses and campsites are available in the nearby Mto wa Mbu town. Best time The park can be visited all-year round, however the dry season (July- October) is good for watching large mammals. On the other hand, the wet season (November-June) is good for bird watching and canoeing. Bird life is outstanding all year round; however it is probably better from September to April when migratory birds arrive. Park rules and regulations Game drive is allowed between 0600h and 1800h. Conservation fee to be paid at the entrance gates. Fees are for 24hrs single entry. Foreign visitors pay in foreign currency (USD) Payment is made through credit or debit cards( Visa card, Master card TANAPA cards-Exim CRDB banks) Camping is only allowed at authorized sites Speed Limit is 50kph (30mph) on all roads Off road driving is strictly prohibited Harassment of animals is strictly prohibited Loud music and noise are not permitted Littering is strictly prohibited. Getting out of your vehicle is not allowed except at designated picnic sites, view points and campsites It is strictly prohibited to introduce or remove any natural objects, plants or archeological artifacts. Domestic pets are strictly not allowed. Fires are only allowed at designated camping sites â€Å"Put fire out after use†. You enter the park at your own risk. Park management will not be held responsible for loss of property, life or damage of the same under any circumstances. Weapons, traps, poison and items of similar nature are strictly not allowed into the park. All accidents must be reported immediately to park officials. Adhere to instructions from park officials. Park contacts: Email address- [emailprotected] Hotlines. +255 689062294, +255 767536137

Math Lesson Plan :: essays research papers

Grade Level: 4 Time: 40 minutes Subject: Math Topic: Dividing and Multiplying to Find Equivalent Fractions NY State Learning Standards: Mathematics, Science, and Technology Standard 1: Analysis, Inquiry, and Design †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Students will use mathematical analysis and scientific inquiry to seek answers and develop solutions. Materials:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mathematics Textbooks (page 401)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Notebooks   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Pencils   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Different colored chalk Objectives: Students will be able to name and write equivalent fractions by multiplying and dividing. Procedure: 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ask students – What does equivalent mean? 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Point out that we have already used fraction strips to show equivalent fractions. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Explain that we are now going to use multiplication and division to write equivalent fractions. 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  First, start with multiplication and show an example of how to make an equivalent fraction. Remind students that what we do to the top we must do to the bottom (signal hands up†¦.hands down) 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Use one color of chalk to show what you do to the numerator and another color to show what you do to the denominator. 6.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Put another example on the board and ask a volunteer to help write an equivalent fraction. 7.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Point out that the number we use to multiply can be any number, as long as what you do to the top, you do to the bottom. 8.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Go over multiple examples together and assign textbook examples. Go over various answers. 9.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Call students up to the board to show some answers. 10.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Go on to show equivalent fractions using division. 11.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Explain that the first step in finding equivalent fraction using division is to find the factors of both the numerator and denominator. 12.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Circle the common factor and divide both the numerator and denominator by the same number†¦.because what you do to the top, you must do to the bottom.

Comparing the Dream Deferred in Raisin in the Sun and Death of a Salesman :: comparison compare contrast essays

A Dream Deferred in A Raisin in the Sun and Death of a Salesman Most everyone in America would like to achieve financial success. Sometimes living in a capitalistic society entices many to become too materialistic. Greed is the characteristic that many Americans then attain. This is all in pursuit of the American dream. For most Americans, this high status is very difficult to achieve. In Arthur Miller's, Death of a Salesman, we see how difficult it was for Willy Loman and his sons to achieve this so called American dream, and these people were proud white Americans. In Lorraine Hansberry's ,A Raisin in the Son, she examines an African-American's family's struggle to break out of the poverty that is preventing them from achieving some sort of financial stability, or the American Dream. It focuses on Walter's attempt in "making it," or "being somebody." She also analyzes how race prejudice and economic insecurity affect a black mans role in his own family, his ability to provide, and his identity. What Hansberry is trying to illustrate is how West ern civilization has conditioned society to have materialistic aspirations and how these ideals corrupt the black man's identity and his family. Many black men have to deal with a systematic racism that effects their role in society. The frustrations that a black man has to deal with can affect the family a great deal. For example, if Walter gets upset at work or has a bad day, he can't get irate with his boss and risk loosing his job; instead he takes it out on his wife Ruth. Also, the job that he holds can only provide so much to the family. He's not even capable of providing his son Travis with some pocket change without becoming broke himself. What type of "breadwinner" can a black man be in America? Walter Younger is thirty-five years old and all he is, is a limousine driver. He is unhappy with his job and he desperately seeks for an opportunity to improve his family standing. He tells his mother how he feels about his job when she wouldn't give him the ten thousand dollars; I open and close car doors all day long. I drive a man around in his limousine and I say,"Yes sir;no sir,very good sir; shall I take the drive, sir? " Mama, that ain't no kind of job... that ain't nothing at all. Comparing the Dream Deferred in Raisin in the Sun and Death of a Salesman :: comparison compare contrast essays A Dream Deferred in A Raisin in the Sun and Death of a Salesman Most everyone in America would like to achieve financial success. Sometimes living in a capitalistic society entices many to become too materialistic. Greed is the characteristic that many Americans then attain. This is all in pursuit of the American dream. For most Americans, this high status is very difficult to achieve. In Arthur Miller's, Death of a Salesman, we see how difficult it was for Willy Loman and his sons to achieve this so called American dream, and these people were proud white Americans. In Lorraine Hansberry's ,A Raisin in the Son, she examines an African-American's family's struggle to break out of the poverty that is preventing them from achieving some sort of financial stability, or the American Dream. It focuses on Walter's attempt in "making it," or "being somebody." She also analyzes how race prejudice and economic insecurity affect a black mans role in his own family, his ability to provide, and his identity. What Hansberry is trying to illustrate is how West ern civilization has conditioned society to have materialistic aspirations and how these ideals corrupt the black man's identity and his family. Many black men have to deal with a systematic racism that effects their role in society. The frustrations that a black man has to deal with can affect the family a great deal. For example, if Walter gets upset at work or has a bad day, he can't get irate with his boss and risk loosing his job; instead he takes it out on his wife Ruth. Also, the job that he holds can only provide so much to the family. He's not even capable of providing his son Travis with some pocket change without becoming broke himself. What type of "breadwinner" can a black man be in America? Walter Younger is thirty-five years old and all he is, is a limousine driver. He is unhappy with his job and he desperately seeks for an opportunity to improve his family standing. He tells his mother how he feels about his job when she wouldn't give him the ten thousand dollars; I open and close car doors all day long. I drive a man around in his limousine and I say,"Yes sir;no sir,very good sir; shall I take the drive, sir? " Mama, that ain't no kind of job... that ain't nothing at all.

Encounters with peope of different cultures

Encounters with people of different cultures in their own countries or communities 2 3 4 5 Coping with the customs of host countries or communities, e. g. rules and courtesies that local people observe and may expect me to observe. Encountering the different customs of people from other cultures, e. g. dress, spec al occasions, etc. Adapting to the rhythm of life in other cultures, e. g. getting used to different meal times etc. Integrating with the customs or behaviour of host countries, e. g. eginning to use forms of greeting that is very different from my own. Encounters with different cultures in the host university Clarifying areas of uncertainty about university arrangements, e. g. describing what I am used to and asking what happens in the other culture. Adapting to other administrative and academic practices, e. g. using unfamiliar procedures to complete a work task. Coping with different formal ties, e. g. learning new ways of showing respect to senior colleagues from other cultures.Relating to fellow students from other cultures, e. g. learning what they like to talk about during breaks. Being aware of issues to be avoided with a different cultural group, e. g. learning what opics seem to be avoided and what the group's views are likely to be about a current political situation. Building bridges between colleagues ot my own culture and those ot a ditterent culture, e. g. sensing that someone of my culture has said the wrong thing and explaining the misunderstanding to both sides.Section 3 A continuing record of intercultural encounters In this section you can record many kinds of intercultural experiences and encounters that you feel have helped you develop your intercultural skills. In each record, describe what happened and how this enabled you to advance your nowledge and understanding of – or attitude to – intercultural ‘events' ( interactions with people from other cultures, etc). Date: 31109/2012 As soon I arrived at the rent ed place, I found out that my flatmates were both Spanish and I feared that I would be left apart due to my level of Spanish,.However, to my surprised they were both very welcoming and even try their best to understand my poor Spanish and were willing to show me around and give me very helpful tips in relation, to transportation, nightlife and food consumption. Place: Pozuelo de Alarcon The suggestions made by flatmates were quite helpful, on the next day I went to rder my student travel card wish made really easier to travel around Madrid. Their travel system is very similar London travel system which actually work base on the zones you have to move around. However, the store was closed from 12 to 14 0'clock as well as every store around.Such thing was very strange to me and as my flatmates explained it is common thing in Spain for stores to be close at such time due to their weather conditions is too hot work there for thy take a break. It is at that point were a have notice that weather conditions have a huge effect on Spain Culture. Place: Groningen University The team work experience with the guys, gave me the opportunity to improve my communication skills, because we could express one's need, wants and opinion without offending the sensitiveness of the other guys.In addition, I believe I strengthen my Teambuilding skills, as I was the person who motivated the others. The members recognised that, and I was the point of communication between the others. From this experience I realised how much I would like to work for the Human Resources, as I believe to be able to maintain group cooperation and support, and to keep a group updated how it is moving forward to the achievement of the goals. Date: 31/10/2012 On 31/10/12 1 had a presentation to be done together with 3 more students. It was me, a Spanish girl, a Romanian guy, and a Dutch guy.The Dutch guy most of the times we had meeting was quite rude with the other guys. He wanted the work to be done, and he was actually the first not to do it. The day of the presentation, I had a small argument with him. The presentation went well, we scored 7. 2. This guy, during the conversation with our coach said that he was the best and that the other guys, us, did not have the competencies to do the presentation. Place: At first, I got really upset and offended, as he should not dear to say these bad things to his team member.Secondly, I believe he should have told us in a private conversation, as all of us were really embarrassed, and we all thought that what he was saying was not actually true. Finally, I spoke with him and he apologised about what happened with the guys and l. I hope he understood that he should not criticise others, when he is the first person who makes mistakes. Date: 03/11/2012 In these days I was reflecting how the Dutch academic semester works so differently trom the English semester. Here, every semester is made trom two periods.In each period there are at least three mo dules to study, therefore exams, reports, group works and presentations to do. At my university, we only have four modules for semester, whilst here there are at least six for each semester. I could see how I improved time management planning and organizational skills. Place: Groningen My skills improved because the amount of work to do was higher than my expectations. In fact, I had to develop goals for my personal achievements, and identify tasks to be accomplished. In addition, I learnt how prioritise tasks and take esponsibilities for the decisions I made.Based on the above please prepare a SWOT analysis of the stage that you believe are at in terms of cross cultural competence; (i. e. strengths and weaknesses) and where you would like to get to by January. What are the opportunities for enhancing your competence and what are the threats which may thwart your endeavours if left untackled? Studying the first semester of the second year in ESIC located in Madrid, Spain enables me to break down barriers as well as communicate and interact with people from different cultures in ways beyond no lecture room or university hall can.

Key issues facing my organization over the next five years

Amwal was formed in 1998 as a financial planning firm for the women of Qatar under the patronage of HE Shiekha Mozah, the wife of the Emir of Qatar.   As a result of Amwal’s success and reputation it was transformed into a fully licensed investment bank in 2005.Amwal, like most of the investment banks and asset management firms in the region, has benefitted from the unprecedented economic growth, high oil prices, and surplus wealth. The GCC countries are expected to grow over seven percent in the next five years. Qatar is one of the top GCC countries in economic performance.   As such, Qatar’s economy is expected to grow 13% in 2008 as a result of sustained oil prices and the country’s ambitious gas industrialization initiatives.Following Russia and Iran, Qatar has the world’s third largest gas reserves. In terms of energy, these reserves are expected to last for more than 200 years. This growth is not temporary in nature and is expected to continue ov er the long run. During former U.S. Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan’s recent visit o Jeddah, he was quoted saying that the oil boom would â€Å"go on forever†.All of these factors have resulted in a mushroom effect on the growth of different kinds of financial institutions in the region.   Existing banks are expanding rapidly, new banks are being set up, and many international players from US, Europe, and Asia are setting up shop in this region. In the last two years nearly 280 financial intuitions have surfaced in Qatar and the United Arab Emirates (UAE).In the current market scenario, I believe that Amwal will face the following challenged as it strives to become a world class investment bank:  Carving its own identity and differentiating from its regional peersAmwal has a very strong shareholder base that includes prominent local and regional organizations.   For this reason Amwal’s identity sometimes is overshadowed by affiliation with one of i ts shareholders in the multiple   transactions that Amwal actually facilitates.   As a new investment bank Amwal leveraged its shareholder base to its benefit.   However as we grow it is imperative that we carve out our own identity that will build a strong brand recognition in the region. This is important because it will help Amwal to differentiate itself from its regional competitors, who often operate on similar grounds and similar strengths.   This will occur over the mid   to long range period as Amwal builds on successful deals, takes steps to increase social responsibility, and invests in its employee resources.Competing with global names such as Deutsche Bank, Morgan Stanley and Goldman SachsDue to economic growth and initiatives to develop the capital markets, GCC countries have been successful in attracting global names such as Deutsche Bank, Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley, Barclays etc. This presents a unique challenge for a local bank like Amwal to remain compe titive due to its relative inexperience as compared to the multinational investment banks. GCC countries have embarked on a major capital expenditure initiative, developing their infrastructure and other major projects. Qatar alone will spend over $100 billion(U.S.) over the next five years.   This will help to position Amwal as a local expert with global capabilities.Hiring and retaining key staffDue to the spur in new market entrants, banks are competing for the best human resources and often find themselves short of a healthy bench-strength. This has been mainly due to the high turnover, shortage of seasoned professionals, and a general preference to employ western educated professionals with regional experience. This problem is more prevalent for local banks with limited resources.These local banks are rely heavily on key staff such as the senior manages of investment banking and asset management. Amwal is not immune to this problem and has recently developed a policy of retai ning good employees and encouraging its staff to develop further expertise by sending them for training and allowing time off from work for academic studies.   Amwal will face a key challenge of retaining staff and hiring more professionals due to circumstances beyond its control including regional factors such as increased competition and the higher cost of living.Need for a better corporate governanceAnother challenge is creating the right balance of power and accountability between the board of directors, senior management, shareholders,   and internal operating departments.   Amwal has grown tremendously over the last few years and is now planning for its own Initial Public Offering (IPO) early next year to support its current growth and future goals. During the initial years of operation, Amwal’s management style was very centralized with authorities and powers limited to a few key individuals. While this is very common among most local and regional institutions li ke Amwal, this structure usually leads to a financial and strategic gap upon the exit of these key individuals.Amwal has come a long way since its transformation into an investment bank and have developed business policy principles, guidelines, internal and external regulations and monitoring mechanisms. However, as we continue to grow, expand our global reach, and prepare for the IPO, I believe these measures would need to be constantly reviewed and enhanced as they are critical for conducting proper corporate accountability and enhancing business prosperity. Another prevailing impediment is the lack of proactiveness of the local governing bodies that need to substantially enhance the regulatory framework, develop stricter industry guidelines, and encourage transparency.   As an industry leader, Amwal is in a unique position to have a positive effect on the creation of the regulatory industry in the region.ConclusionThese observations are not only unique to Amwal.   Since we ar e in a constantly changing environment it is critical that local and regional institutions identify these challenges and develop a strategic plan to respond to them.   I believe that Amwal is well placed and uniquely positioned for this challenge with its sound business model and comprehensive long range strategic plan.

Domestic & International Market

Types of resources and capabilities underlie BMW Approach to Innovations. Founded In 1916, Bayberries Motormen Worker GAG, well known as BMW, Is a German automobile company, mall headquarter In Munich, Germany. Well, BMW also known as one of the leading manufacturing of luxury cars. Nowadays when we are walling form Apple Inc. To launch their new generation innovative cell phone, the same image BMW has in today's world market regarding their new innovative features luxury cars. BMW has gained the status of innovative luxury cars by utilizing its best resources and provide best qualities to its customer.There are many automobile companies UT there but only few firms in this industry are earned a title of innovations, and BMW comes first in that list. The main reason behind BMW success is their own Research and development center around the world, BMW group spend billions of dollar behind this R to provide best quality and innovative product to its customers. BMW comes In top 25 compan ies of best brand value in the world, today Its brand value exceeded to 25 Billion dollar because of Its R and Innovative Ideas of luxury cars.There are more than 8500 employees are working at Research and Development center of BMW around the globe. When I look over to the BMW group site, I found many facts about BMW regarding their innovative strategies. When I review their website I found out that currently BMW R teams are working for 2020 product of BMW. The assembly line of BMW is also ranked 1st in the auto industry by their innovative process of manufacturing luxury cars. BMW are more focused on their efficient innovation process by its innovative culture.The structure of company's culture are more emphasis on differentiate and innovative ideas, and there is no doubt that BMW is holding one of the best talented pools of employees and cosmologies to approach the innovation. As per my opinion BMW will maintain Its title of Innovation because of their advance technologies such as using own optimizing engine, lower emission advance technologies, habitation, electrification and newly developed connected drive technologies. Bum's Sustainable Production.Bum's sustainable production has focused on many important factors as it mentioned below. Advanced technology by reducing emission of CO to 50%. BMW is leader in using renewable energy for production and value. Electro mobility. Always ready for future challenge by advanced technology. Continuous improvement in employee motivation for innovation. Less consumption on natural resources in production. Mobility patterns. Raising workforce awareness by providing essential training to the employees. Product Safety.Sustainable construction and process. More focusing on Opportunities Strong Brand Value. As per the current BMW strategic action regarding the future production as well as with advanced innovative technology, BMW is the only firm I found who can survived even after we will out of the fuel energy, BMW had alr eady started working on hydroelectric advanced vehicle production, environment friendly and safety icicles, advanced production process which helps BMW to maintain its title of innovative firm.How do the resources, capabilities, and activities of BMW contribute to its differentiation strategy and unique position in the industry it has achieved? By using advanced technology and innovative ideas for production and best quality product, BMW had earned the best brand value in auto industry. BMW is also recognize as leader of innovation in auto industry, I still remember that when I bought Phone AS which had feature of Sir, but I also found out that BMW had developed this feature long back in 2006 in their BMW 7 series Models.None of the firm in auto industry had achieved in advanced technology yet and BMW group is the only company who looks to the future and gears its actions towards the long term. Well, BMW is not only one who is spending large amount on R&D, there are many other autom obile industry does same, but the uniqueness of BMW is the process and strategy they are using, the different culture of innovation spread in BMW, the status of innovation and advanced technology, the status brand and many other factor are consider to be the uniqueness of BMW.BMW had keep this innovative title form last two decades cause of their uniqueness and differentiate strategy where other automobile companies find hard to adopt it, the main reason behind this uniqueness is the firm's organization culture of innovation where all employees are allowed to think different and something new that world had never seen.